The latest works 29

The latest works 29

since November 19, 2007

"Overestimation of the lower part in the face"

When two eyes of the same size are placed vertically, the lower one probably appears to be larger than the upper one.This effect may be discernible in the mouth.

"Pupil position-dependent eye direction illusion"

In the upper image, the face appears to gaze at the observer. On the other hand, in the lower image, the face appears to see leftward for him. The only difference between the two image is the position of pupils.

This illusion is not discernible when images are small. Both faces appear to gaze at us.

"'Knocked-face' illusion is strongest when both eyes and mouths are open"

The face has anomalous eyes and mouths. Its appearance is unstable as if the image were knocked or wobbly. This illusion seems to be strongest when both eyes and mouths are open.

This illusion seems to be weak when both eyes and mouths are closed.

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One of my students reported that he had come across a web site that exhibits a number of pictures of the "knocked-face" illusion as examples of "double vision". Double vision or diplopia is a disease that patients see a single thing double.

However, I believe that this illusion should not be called "double vision" because visual illusion is not a disease. It would be OK if this illusion was called "the illusion of double vision" for example. This illusion is a new type of anomalous motion illusions such as the Ouchi illusion and "Rotating snakes".

Anyway, I will keep searching who first discovered this illusion. If you know, please let me know! <January 12, 2008>

Ouchi illusion

Rotating snakes (part)

"'Knocked-face' illusion in profile #2"

The face has anomalous eyes and mouths. Its appearance is unstable as if the image were knocked or wobbly in the vertical direction. This illusion may be enhanced by open mouths.

"'Knocked-face' illusion in profile"

The face has anomalous eyes and mouths. Its appearance is unstable as if the image were knocked or wobbly in the vertical direction.

"Vergence illusion in profile"

The left face appears to see the ball near her while the right one appears to see somewhere farther, though these two images are identical except the angle of the eyes (with a 15-degree difference).

"Lateral 'knocked-face' illusion"

The face has four eyes and two mouths. Its appearance is unstable as if the image were knocked or wobbly in the lateral direction.

This illusion is reduced by inversion of the face as shown above. This finding suggests that this illusion strongly depends on face perception

"Wollaston illusion: Christmas 2007 version"

The left face appears to gaze at the observer while the right one appears to see leftward (for her), though the eyes are identical between them. This phenomenon was proposed by Wollaston (1824).

William Hyde Wollaston

Wollaston, W. H. (1824) On the apparent direction of eye in a portrait. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B114, 247-256. (I do not have the copy, so I have not confirmed this paper yet; I have got it on February 28, 2008! Thanks to Chris!)

"Face inversion effect of the Wollaston illusion"

The Wollaston illusion remains when the image is inverted,while it may be easier to detect the identification of the eyes of the two images.

"Transformation that does not change the apparent eye direction"

Apparent eye direction is not changed much by transformation that does not give any depth cue.

"Transformation that does change the apparent eye direction"

Apparent eye direction is changed much by transformation that gives some depth cue.

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