The 72nd Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 2008
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Workshop No.005 "Experimental studies of anomalous motion illusions"
September 19, 2008

Optimized Fraser-Wilcox illusions
A pictorial classification by Akiyoshi Kitaoka

since September 12, 2008



"Rotating beans"

Each ring appears to rotate.

Copyright Akiyoshi Kitaoka 2008 (September 12)



Type Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from dark to light
Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from light to dark
Examples
(click the thumbnail)
0




Luminance profile













Kitaoka, A. and Ashida, H. (2003) Phenomenal characteristics of the peripheral drift illusion. VISION (Journal of the Vision Society of Japan), 15, 261-262. PDF


Type Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from dark to light
Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from light to dark
Examples
(click the thumbnail)
I







IIa







IIb







III







IV
new!










"Rotating snakes"

Circular snakes appear to rotate 'spontaneously'.

Copyright A.Kitaoka 2003 (September 2, 2003)


1. Fraser and Wilcox (1979)

Fraser, A. and Wilcox, K. J. (1979) Perception of illusory movement. Nature, 281, 565-566.


2. Faubert and Herbert (1999)

Faubert, J. and Herbert, A. M. (1999) The peripheral drift illusion: A motion illusion in the visual periphery. Perception, 28, 617-621.


3. Naor-Raz and Sekuler (2000)

Naor-Raz, G. and Sekuler, R. (2000) Perceptual dimorphism in visual motion from stationary patterns. Perception, 29, 325-335.


4. Kitaoka and Ashida (2003)

Kitaoka, A. and Ashida, H. (2003) Phenomenal characteristics of the peripheral drift illusion. VISION (Journal of the Vision Society of Japan), 15, 261-262


5. Following papers or articles

A paper on the "Rotating snakes" illusion has been accepted for publication in Vision Research! <June 21, 2008>

Hisakata, R. and Murakami, I. (2008) The effects of eccentricity and retinal illuminance on the illusory motion seen in a stationary luminance gradient. Vision Research, in press

Rumi's page --- Ikuya's page



Related references

Chi, M-T., Lee, T-Y., Qu, Y., and Wong, T-T. (2008) Self-Animating Images: Illusory Motion Using Repeated Asymmetric Patterns. ACM Transaction on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2008), 27, No.3. SIGGRAPH2008 --- Authors' page --- PDF (SIGGRAPH)

Scientific American Reports Special Edition on Perception (2008).

Kitaoka, A. and Ashida, H. (2007) A variant of the anomalous motion illusion based upon contrast and visual latency. Perception, 36, 1019-1035. PDF request to Akiyoshi Kitaoka

Newton Press (Ed.), A. Kitaoka (Supervisor) (2007) Newton magazine book: Special issue "How is the brain deceived? Perfect demonstration of visual illusions" Tokyo: Newton Press (in Japanese; published in October 2007). 

Ramachandran, V. S. and Rogers-Ramachandran, D. (2007) A Moving Experience: How the eyes can see movement where it does not exist. Scientific American Mind, February/March, 14-16.

Kitaoka, A. (2007) Phenomenal classification of the goptimizedh Fraser-Wilcox illusion and the effect of color. Poster presentation in DemoNight, VSS2007, GWiz, Sarasota, Florida, USA, May 14, 2007.

Murakami, I., Kitaoka, A. and Ashida, H. (2006) A positive correlation between fixation instability and the strength of illusory motion in a static display. Vision Research, 46, 2421-2431. PDF request should be sent to Dr. Murakami

Kitaoka, A. (2006) Anomalous motion illusion and stereopsis. Journal of Three Dimensional Images (Japan), 20, 9-14. PDF (manuscript but the same as the printed one)

Kanazawa, S., Kitaoka, A. and Yamaguchi, M. K. (2006) Infants see the gRotating Snakeh illusion. Dorsal and ventral streams in the visual system (Talk): Monday, 21 August 2006; 12:00-12:30 (29th European Conference on Visual Perception, St-Petersburg, Russia, 20th-25th August, 2006) Abstract

Kitaoka, A., Ashida, H., and Murakami, I. (2005) Does the peripheral drift illusion generate illusory motion in depth? Journal of Three Dimensional Images (Tokyo), 19, 6-8. PDF (scanned copy) (poor quality) --- MS-Word file (manuscript, the same as the paper) (high quality)

Conway, R. B., Kitaoka, A., Yazdanbakhsh, A., Pack, C. C., and Livingstone, M. S. (2005) Neural basis for a powerful static motion illusion. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 5651-5656. PDF request should be sent to Dr. Conway

Backus, B. T. and Oruç, I. (2005) Illusory motion from change over time in the response to contrast and luminance. Journal of Vision, 5, 1055-1069. http://journalofvision.org/5/11/10/


Ben sent me a T-shirt. <May 30, 2008>


("2003" is correct.)


Actually Irealized this illusion in a design for a Happy New Year card.


"U-zu"

(A remake)

Rings appear to rotate. This image was originally developed for the spiral illusion, in which the concentric gray lines appear to be a spiral. My nengajo

Copyright A.Kitaoka 2005 (May 23)



0




Luminance profile













Kitaoka, A. and Ashida, H. (2003) Phenomenal characteristics of the peripheral drift illusion. VISION (Journal of the Vision Society of Japan), 15, 261-262. PDF


I explain the perceptual dimorphism in motion direction as assuming that two independent illusions are involved in the original Fraser-Wilcox illusion.



Type Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from dark to light
Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from light to dark
Examples
(click the thumbnail)
I









"Dark to light" (in gradation) might be stronger.


"Light to dark" might be stronger.


"Dark to light"


"Light to dark"


"Dark to light" and "light to dark" in cooperation


I propose an empirical observation that color might enhance the illusion in some conditions.


Observation 1. The illusion from dark to light is enhanced by red or blue.


Observation 2. The illusion from light to dark is enhanced by yellow or green.


Observation 3. The illusion from dark to light is enhanced by red or blue, while the illusion from light to dark is enhanced by yellow or green. Both illusions work additively.


A work "U-zu-maki" I created in 2003's spring got so popular on Internet that I produced "Rotating snakes" in 2003's autumn.


"U-zu-maki"

"U" means rabbits, "zu" means "figure", "maki" means rotation, and "Uzumaki" means spirals or swirls. Yellow represents the color of the moon in Japan and it is imagined (though not seriously) that rabbits live in the moon and make mochi (food made from rice).

Copyright A.Kitaoka 2003
(c)Akiyoshi Kitaoka "Trick eyes 2" Tokyo: KANZEN 2003


"Trick Eyes" and "Trick Eyes 2"


The back covers of "Trick Eyes" and "Trick Eyes 2"


"Rotating snakes"

Circular snakes appear to rotate 'spontaneously'.

Copyright A.Kitaoka 2003 (September 2, 2003)


"Rollers"

Rollers appear to rotate without effort. On the other hand, they appear to rotate in the opposite direction when observers see this image keeping blinking.

Copyright A.Kitaoka 2004 (April 20)


"Dongururin"*

*Rotation of donguri (acorns). "Gururin" means rotation.

Rings of donguri appear to rotate.

Copyright A.Kitaoka 2003 (July 3, 2003)



Type Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from dark to light
Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from light to dark
Examples
(click the thumbnail)
IIa









Here I realized a similarity in stimulus configuration between Type IIa and reverse phi (or Gregory and Heard's (1983) phenomenal phenomena), and I made Type IIb to match Anstis and Rogers' (1975) "phi movement".


Reverse phi

Anstis S M, 1970 "Phi movement as a subtraction process" Vision Research 10 1411-1430


Gregory and Heard's (1983) phenomenal phenomena

Gregory R L, Heard P F, 1983 "Visual dissociations of movement, position, and stereo depth: Some phenomenal phenomena" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 35A 217-237


Anstis and Rogers' (1975) "phi movement"

Anstis S M, Rogers B J, 1975 "Illusory reversal of visual depth and movement during changes of contrast" Vision Research 15 957-961


The relationship between luminance changes and illusory motion

Kitaoka, A. (2006) Configurational coincidence among six phenomena: A comment on van Lier and Csatho (2006). Perception, 35, 799-806. animations



Type Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from dark to light
Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from light to dark
Examples
(click the thumbnail)
IIb









Some works of mine could not be attributed to Type I or II. Thus I made Type III just before going to VSS2007.

Kitaoka, A. (2007) Phenomenal classification of the optimized Fraser-Wilcox illusion and the effect of color. Poster presentation in DemoNight,VSS2007, GWiz, Sarasota, Florida, USA, May 14, 2007.


"Receding color"

Each of the round-cornered, illusory square appears to contract.

Copyright A.Kitaoka 2004 (June 11)



Type Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from dark to light
Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from light to dark
Examples
(click the thumbnail)
III









Recently (August, 2008), I realized a strong motion illusion when an image is changed to give a 3D impression using the "plastic" effector equipped in Corel PhotoPaint X3.


Scintillating grid illusion

Schrauf, M., Lingelbach, B., Wist, E.R. (1997) The scintillating grid illusion. Vision Research, 37, 1033-1038.

3D-like scintillating grid illusion

Copyright Akiyoshi Kitaoka 2008 (August 22)


This effector makes a manga face fall into the uncanny valley.


"Bean wave"

The image appears to wave.

Copyright Akiyoshi Kitaoka 2008 (June 17)


"Beans"

Beans appears to move rightward.

Copyright Akiyoshi Kitaoka 2008 (August 14)



"Moving patches"

The sixteen patches in the center appear to move rightward.

Copyright Akiyoshi Kitaoka 2008 (August 16)



"Fountain of grapes"

The center of this image appears to be bulging.

Copyright Akiyoshi Kitaoka 2008 (September 15)



Type Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from dark to light
Basic illusion that
motion direction is
from light to dark
Examples
(click the thumbnail)
IV
new!










Thank you


Akiyoshi's illusion pages



WS005 Experimental studies of anomalous motion illusions September 19, 2008
10:00-12:00 E207

  Organizer   Kyoto University   Hiroshi ASHIDA  

  Organizer   Ritsumeikan University   Akiyoshi KITAOKA  

  Moderator   Kyoto University   Hiroshi ASHIDA  

  Speaker   Optimized Fraser-Wilcox illusions: A pictorial classification by Akiyoshi Kitaoka Ritsumeikan University   Akiyoshi KITAOKA  

  Speaker   The effects of eccentricity and retinal illuminance on the illusory motion seen in a stationary luminance gradient University of Tokyo    Rumi HISAKATA  

  Speaker   Infants see the illusory motion in the static figure Japan Women's University   So KANAZAWA  

  Speaker   Functional brain imaging of the Rotating Snakes illusion by fMRI Tohoku University   Ichiro KURIKI ”

  Commentator   Some comments NTT Communication Science Laboratories   Tatsuto TAKEUCHI