Crater illusion 2

Crater illusion 2

An apparent convex changes to an apparent concave, vice versa, when the image is rotated through 180 degrees.

since January 28, 2013

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— Akiyoshi Kitaoka (@AkiyoshiKitaoka) 2019年6月19日

"Crater illusion of triangular-wave luminance modulation"

A new demo of the crater illusion has been produced! Squares (a) appear to be convex whereas squares (b) to be concave, though the luminance gradient of square (a) is just the mirror image of that of square (b). Moreover, horizontally drawn black-and-white line segments appear to tilt counterclockwise.

"Crater illusion of triangular-wave luminance modulation"

n this image, squares (a) appear to be CONCAVE whereas squares (b) to be CONVEX, though the luminance gradient of square (a) is just the mirror image of that of square (b). Moreover, horizontally drawn black-and-white line segments appear to tilt clockwise.

"Crater illusion of triangular-wave luminance modulation"

In this image, squares (a) sometimes appear to be convex whereas squares (b) to be concave. This appearance is reversed other times. Moreover, horizontally drawn black-and-white line segments appear to tilt counterclockwise, clockwise and counterclockwise.

"Crater illusion of triangular-wave luminance modulation"

In this image, squares (a) appear to be convex whereas squares (b) to be concave. Moreover, vertically drawn black-and-white line segments appear to tilt clockwise.

"Subjective contour and crater illusion"

The words at the upper left appear to be convex while those at the lower left to be concave. When they are inverted upside down as shown at the right, apparent convex/concave is exchanged.

Japanese version

©NASA
NASA Center: Johnson Space Center
Image # : AS10-32-4823
Date : 05/01/1969
Title : Terraced Wall Crater on the Lunar Limb
http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/BROWSE/apollo10_1.html （2009年6月11日に立命館大学よりアクセス）

Is there the crater illusion?

"Convex-concave reversible image"

Darker squares appear to be convex toward observers for one time, while ligter ones do so for the other time.

The image appears to move rightward.

"Ascending"

Darker squares appear to be convex and the image appears to ascend.

"Descending"

Lighter squares appear to be convex and the image appears to descend.

After Fig .1 of Tsuruhara, Sawada, Kanazawa, Yamaguchi and Yonas (2009)

Tsuruhara, A., Sawada, T., Kanazawa, S., Yamaguchi,M.K., and Yonas, A. (2009). Infant’s ability to form a common representation of an object’s shape from different pictorial depth cues: A transfer-across-cues study. Infant Behavior and Development, 32, 468–475. (p.470, Fig .1)

Also see:
Blake A, and Bülthoff H. (1990). Does the brain know the physics of specular reflection? Nature, 343, 165-168.
Reichel, F. D., & Todd, J.T. (1990). Perceived depth inversion of smoothly curved surfaces due to image orientation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 16, 653-664.

I made the image show below (May 16, 2011) after I had seen the Tsuruhara et al.'s (2009) image.

with permission on July 24, 2014

"Glossy crater illusion: CMY"

For each block, the center of the left pattern appears to be convex while that of the right one appears to be concve. The appearance does not change with the imgae being upside-down.

cf. Motoyoshi, I., Nishida, S., Sharan, L. & Adelson, E.H. (2007). Image statistics and the perception of surface qualities. Nature, 447, 206-209.

"Glossy crater illusion: RGB"

For each block, the center of the left pattern appears to be convex while that of the right one appears to be concave. The appearance does not change with the image being upside-down.

"Mat crater illusion: CMY"

For each block, the center of the left pattern appears to be convex while that of the right one appears to be concave. The appearance does not change with the image being upside-down.

cf. Motoyoshi, I., Nishida, S., Sharan, L. & Adelson, E.H. (2007). Image statistics and the perception of surface qualities. Nature, 447, 206-209.

"Both eyes"

The center of the left pattern appears to be convex while that of the right one appears to be concave. The appearance does not change with the image being upside-down.

"Double lips"

The center of the left pattern appears to be convex while that of the right one appears to be concave. The appearance does not change with the image being upside-down.

"Stoves"

The center of the left pattern appears to be convex while that of the right one appears to be concave. The appearance does not change with the image being upside-down.

"Shinkansen: 0-series and 500-series"

*shinkansen = bullet trains in Japan

The center of the left pattern appears to be convex while that of the right one appears to be concave. The appearance does not change with the image being upside-down.

Crater illusion

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