Original Papers
Jamesian Scientific Psychology and Free
Will.
FUJINAMI, Naomi (Graduate School of the Humanities, Senshu University,
214-8580, Japan)
William James, troubled with the deterministic trend
of science in his day, became to believe in
free will advocated by Charles Renouvier's work. James adopted
Renouvier's subjective method,
which admits us to confirm our preferred theory and to emphasize
activeness in understanding
mind and spontaneous variation in evolution. There is a view that
Renouvier's subjective influence
was not enough for James to overcome determinism, and the influence
of scientific and objective
Darwinian spontaneous variation was also needed. However, no comments
by James to reveal
Darwin's influence are provided in his work. James himself recognized
Renouvier's great
influence on him. Sciences for James were fragmentary and provisional.
He assumed
determinism within the realm of scientific psychology, and established
his own scientific psychology
in which activeness of consciousness was the primary element.
Although he himself continued to
believe in free will employing the subjective method.
Key words: William James, Charles Renouvier, Charles
Darwin, Scientific Psychology.
Historical
Development of the Department of Psychology at Keijo Imperial
University (1926-1945).
SATO, Tatsuya (Dept. of Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto,
603-8577,
Japan) and CHA, Jae-Ho (Professor Emeritus at Seoul National University,
Seoul,
Korea)
The historical development of the department of psychology
at Keijo Imperial University is
discussed in the context of the history of Japanese psychology.
Keijo Imperial University was
established in 1926 after the annexation of the Korean Peninsula
(1910). The department of
psychology was also established in the same year. Seoul National
University has preserved the
historical materials of this department, such as psychological
apparatuses and the reports written
by the students. This article investigates the students' reports
of their laboratory training, which
tell us about the training program of Japanese psychology of that
time. The faculty members and
curriculum of the department are also analyzed. Though the scholarly
achievements of three
professors of the department, Hayami, Kuroda, and Amano, were
outstanding, part of their work,
such as ethno-psychology, was schemed to serve the national interest
to govern the colony.
Key words: History of Japanese psychology, Keijo Imperial
University, Students' reports of laboratory training,
Ethno-psychology.
Reception of Pavlovian
Theory in Japan: On the Activities of Three Physiologists
and One Psychologist.
MIZOGUCHI, Hazime (Lab. of Life Science, Rissho University,
360-0194, Japan)
Three medical physiologists studied in the laboratory of I. P.
Pavlov (1849-1936) during
1904-1933: Hidezurumaru Ishikawa (College of Medicine, Kyoto Imperial
University),
Yasutarou Satake (College of Medicine, Tohoku Imeprial University)
and Takashi Hayashi
(School of Medicine, Keio University). Ishikawa wrote the first
article concerning Pavlovian
theory in 1916. Around the same time, a psychologist Genji Kuroda
(College of Literature,
Kyoto Imperial University) also wrote an essay of Pavlovian theory.
He was Ishikawa's
student. They wrote the articles motivated by the false report
of Pavlov's death in 1916.
Actually, these articels were written to the memory of Pavlov,
and were not intended to
introduce Pavlovian theory to Japan. Hayashi is thought to be
the one who introduced
Pavlovian theory to Japan. Hayashi invited W. H. Gantt, an American
pupil of Pavlov, to
Japan on the occasion of Japanese Pavlovian Meeting in 1965. The
process of the
reception of Pavlovian theory in Japan was quite different from
that in America. It seems
that the difference is due to the different academic backgrounds
of animal psychology, or
comparative psychology, the attitudes of psychologists toward
consciousness and the
influences of German psychology.
Key words: Pavlovian Theory, Takashi Hayashi, W. Horsley
Gantt, History of Physiology, History
of Psychology.
The Subjects that Yujiro Motora took in
Doshisha English School.
ARAKAWA, Ayumu (Graduate Course for Psychology, College
of Literature, Doshisha
University, 602-8580, Japan)
Yujiro Motora, the first psychologist in Japan, studied
in Doshisha English School. This period of time was very
important for his career. Motora took a course in mental philosophy
in the spring term of 1878. Motora also took
many theology courses. From this, we know that he was interested
in theology. This paper discusses the area of
Motora's interest as a young student in Doshisha English School.
Key words: Yujiro Motora, History of psychology, Doshisha
English school.
On Professor Matsumoto's
Lecture of "Outline of Psychology" given in the Taisho
Era.
MATSUMOTO, Ko (College of Art, Nihon University, 176-8525, Japan)
This paper is a survey of an "Outline of Psychology,"
one of professor Matataro Matsumoto's lecture courses on
psychology in the Taisho Era (1913) at Tokyo University . The
lecture was written down by one of his students,
Takashi Ide, who later became professor of philosophy at Tokyo
University. This study introduces his notebook to
the public and attempts to interpret the lecture from a viewpoint
of history of psychology.
Key words: Matataro Matsumoto, Taisho era, Psychology
lectures.
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